Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Analysis of Network Management (FCAPS) protocol and its role in building flexible and improved networks The WritePass Journal
Analysis of Network Management (FCAPS) protocol and its role in building flexible and improved networks Introduction : Analysis of Network Management (FCAPS) protocol and its role in building flexible and improved networks Introduction :Placing a Fixed IP :Major aspects of Network Management (FCAPS):Fault Management :Configuration management :Performance Of Network Management:Network security include to Threats:Accounting Management: Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP) :An SNMP-managed network consists of three key components:System Details Update:Port Scanner :Monitor software:monitor software is additional than very soon custody path of come again is life form install and uninstalled on your computer. suitable system check profits:Bandwidth Monitoring ToolBandwidth Monitoring FeaturesBandwidth Monitoring  Real -timeBandwidth Monitoring ReportsThreshold Based AlertingThird Party ReportingReferences:Related Introduction : This plan is about Configuration of a new network management system which is connected to a between different platforms. Branches are connected over Fixed IP to enhance performance of network. Configure Management on all routers so client workstations can obtain automatically IP address from routers, and NMS and FIXED IP is configured to hide the internal IP address from ISP. So in this proposal we have configured and structured all our scenarios which are explained in details. Here is a brief introduction of Fixed IP and analysis of protocol which is required to build a flexible improved and flexible network so it’s a summary of FCAPS, Management Tools, SNMP and NMS which are main components used in my scenario. Assignment is going to present the configuration of management system for wireless when we accessing from different places. I preferred to set a Fixed IP for network. It displays a synchronization levels for accessing points. It is done from WAN connection. The ISP maintain a pool of modems for their dial-in customers. This is managed by some form of computer (usually a dedicated one) which controls data flow from the modem pool to a backbone or dedicated line router. This setup may be referred to as a port server, as it serves access to the network. Billing and usage information is usually collected here as well. Many computers connected to the Internet host part of the DNS database and the software that allows others to access it. These computers are known as DNS servers. No DNS server contains the entire database; If a DNS server does not contain the domain name requested by another computer, the DNS server re-directs the requesting computer to another DNS server. Placing a Fixed IP : A lot of routers let you to produce unbelievable call a static lease. in essence, this secure a MAC sermon to (bodily chat to of your composite documentation, theoretically no more than one of its variety to your documentation) to a hard to please IP address. This has many advantages. First, you dont have to confusion with ANY of your computer system settings ever. The router is forever departing to dole out the correct equivalent deal with to that system, the standard DHCP setting will employment in good health.Computer ask for one lecture to, and until the end of time get agreed the exact. Thi s is not probable to provide numerous the whole story, every router is dissimilar, I can let know you with the intention of if you make use of IPCop as your entryway ( extremely Good Idea), it is as straightforward as click one of conations in the in progress go-ahead lease list, and imperative produce unchanging rent, in the DHCP member of employees portion at table piece of paper.  Clicks and youre set for existence. We  have  even can reinstall your computer working system, reboot, and theres your motionless IP again. Major aspects of Network Management (FCAPS): Fault Management : A blunder is an flusht that has a pessimistic connotation. The ambition of error managing is to be familiar with, separate, accurate and register fault that happen in the system. in addition it use tendency psychoanalysis to forecast error so so as to the system is forever obtainable. Can be recognized by monitor  different   belongings for irregular performance. A fault or occasion occur, a complex constituent will frequently drive a announcement to the system worker by means of a proprietary or unlock protocol such as SNMP, or at smallest amount mark a communication to its cheer up for a consol member of staff serving at table to catch and log/page. This announcement is hypothetical to activate physical or routine behavior. For example: the meeting of additional data to recognize the natural world and harshness of the difficulty or to transport endorsement equipment on-line.- Responsibility logs are one effort used to accumulate figures to decide the provide overhaul level of personality complex rudiments, as glowing as sub-network or the total complex. These  are also second-hand to resolve in fact flimsy set-up machinery that have need of further consideration. Configuration management : system pattern organization allow you to control change to the pattern of your system plans, similar to switch and routers. Using design organization tackle you container create changes to the pattern of a router, After that revolve the changes reverse to a preceding arrangement if the changes were not winning. Difference the preceding circumstances with a net pattern organization classification with the circumstances exclusive of a complex design organization scheme. You would create the change, with any luck identification to text what you distorted. If the change were not winning you would, at finest then contain to unfasten the changes you complete physically from your certification. At most horrible, you would be absent with annoying to keep in mind what was distorted and why. openxtra.co.uk/articles/network-configuration-management#ixzz1LNuiwfmm Networks of several dimension be in a steady shape of instability. Some of the engineers accountable for the system can alter the prototype of the switches and routers at some occasion. Arrangement changes to live apparatus be able to contain overwhelming belongings on the dependability of the system and the armed forces provide by it. System arrangement supervision is intended to consent to you to get organize of set of connections changes. Performance Of Network Management: System and function presentation issues are rising severely unpaid to information centre consolidation, the go up of compact disk interchange, growing information of distant users, and less trends. The most excellent method to appreciate the view so as to all presentation is family member is to inquire an important person, uses a networked organization or submission: â€Å"Be a three-second request answer occasion good quality or dreadful†The respond is, it depends. If the ordinary rejoinder point in time is ten seconds, a three-second reply occasion is extremely high-quality. Best suggestion of how application are performing arts used for the ending customer is to calculate rejoinder period by monitor genuine transfer. Tall utilization is only a difficulty if it essentially impact request presentation. Growing bandwidth is not a cure-all for solving presentation troubles. Compose positive you recognize the reason of the difficulty previous to attractive counteractive exploit similar to throw bandwidth at it. Security management : The networks are processor systems, together community and confidential, that is old on a daily basis to behavior business and infrastructure in the middle of business, management agency and persons. Networks are comprised of nodes, which are customer terminals and one or more servers and/or host computers. These are connected by message system, a number of of which strength be confidential, such as inside a corporation, and others which strength be unlock to community right of entry. Example of a complex scheme so as to is unlock to community right of entry is the Internet, but a lot of confidential networks too use openly-easy to get to infrastructure. These days, the majority companies crowd computers be able to be accessed by their workers whether in their office in excess of a confidential infrastructure system, or as of their home or lodge rooms as on the street from side to side usual phone outline. System safety involve all behavior that organization, enterprise, and institution take on to defend the worth and continuing usability of possessions plus the honesty and permanence of operations. An effectual system safety plan require identify intimidation plus after that choose the the majority effectual situate of tackle to struggle them. Network security include to Threats:                Viruses : processor program on paper through deceitful programmers and intended to duplicate themselves plus contaminate computer at what time trigger through a exact occasion.              Trojan horse programs : Escape vehicle for unhelpful system, which show to be safe or helpful software program such because sports competition              Vandals : Software application or applets so as to reason obliteration              Attacks : counting investigation attack right of entry attack and refutation-of-repair attack (which stop right of entry to fraction or every one of a processor scheme)              Data interception : involve eavesdrop on infrastructure or changing information packet life form transmit              Social engineering : obtain secret system safekeeping in order from side to side nontechnical income, such as affectation as a practical prop up being plus ask intended for popular passwords Network security tools : Antivirus software packages : These letters oppose the majority bug intimidation if frequently efficient plus properly maintain. Secure network infrastructure : Switches and routers contain hardware and software skin so as to hold up safe connectivity, border safety, interruption defense, individuality armed armed forces, and defense managing. Devoted system safety hardware plus software-gear such as firewalls and interruption discovery system give defense intended for every one area of the system furthermore allow safe relations. Virtual private networks : These networks supply admission be in charge of in addition to information encryption stuck between two dissimilar computer on a net. This allows distant personnel to attach to the system with no the danger of a hacker or robber intercept information. Identity services : These armed forces assist to recognize user and be in command of their behavior and dealings on the system. armed forces comprise passwords, digital certificate, and digital confirmation key. Encryption : Encryption ensure so as to mail cannot be intercept or understand writing by anybody additional than the official receiver. Security management : This be the paste so as to hold jointly the additional structure block of a physically influential safety resolution. Accounting Management: System organization: secretarial and presentation strategy, describe the IP secretarial skin in Cisco IOS and enable you to differentiate the dissimilar IP secretarial function and appreciate SNMP MIB particulars. Learn concerning IP secretarial right of entry manage catalog (ACL) plus IP secretarial MAC talk to.  Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP) : Standard procedure for organization plans on IP network. plans so as to characteristically hold up SNMP comprise routers, switch, servers, workstations, printer, modem racks.It is second-hand more often than not in net running systems to monitornnetwork-emotionally involved plans for circumstances that merit directorial notice. SNMP is a part of the internet procedure set  as distinct by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It consists of a put of principles for system organization, counting an request coating procedure, a file schema. An SNMP-managed network consists of three key components:  Mechanism manage Third party - software which run on direct international relations NMS(Network management system ) - software which run on the superior I preferred the tool for system is Network monitoring tool : system monitor serve as your eye-plus-ears, alert you to some issue on your system. You be able to stay path of belongings like copier provisions, software installation, rough push room, agreement owing date now concerning no matter which you be able to believe of so as to relate to your system. The majority practical of IT pro set up their system monitor system to attentive them via electronic mail or book memo when on earth issue occur. This not simply keep them on pinnacle of possible evils so they can speak to them as rapidly as likely, other than it too prevent them from create an subject. The enormous bulk of evils so as to occur in a net are straight linked to incredible altering. The top net monitor solution resolve not just prepared you to these change, but motivation and assist you troubleshoot the matter by allow you to measure up to your network’s in progress position with come again it look like previous to the alter. This income you be able to resolve the dif ficulty earlier. The instrument incessantly monitor the reply time of manifold plans and generate e-mail alerts base on the harshness. These alert are put awake at three dissimilar level and demonstrate the dissimilar rank of the nodes. System Details Update: This instrument come useful at what time the manager have to modernize the scheme particulars, such as scheme persons persons name, scheme account, and organization site in a variety of plans. The manager can primary scrutinize a variety of plans to sight the obtainable particulars plus after that can adapt as necessary and bring up to date them all at on one occasion. Port Scanner : This instrument scan the known port also inside a variety of IP Addresses or intended for a solitary IP to discover the rank of the scan port. The rank of the ports be able to be also listen or not listen. You be able to connect the port among the recognized armed forces, which enable you to be acquainted with the unidentified/surplus armed forces organization in the arrangement. These are three points exemplify why your IT section be supposed to powerfully think leveraging system organization gear as fraction of their every day everyday jobs: Suitable system direction-finding  ·Ã‚        Network system organization security  ·Ã‚        Receive list of your system Monitor software: monitor software is additional than very soon custody path of come again is life form install and uninstalled on your computer. suitable system check profits: custody path of installation Note which license be put to end meaningful which hot fixes (patch to repair exact bug) are install stay on top of pinnacle of the present condition of every one window armed forces on top of every mechanism creation certain every one of your computers be secluded by means of an awake to day antivirus software Bandwidth Monitoring Tool Bandwidth check instrument provide the genuine-occasion system transfer of some SNMP machine. It provide the bandwidth practice particulars together on at border-height and at the machine-height. It use SNMP to get the bandwidth operation particulars of a system border. The bandwidth consumption of the machine display a contrast of the human being transfer of its interface Bandwidth Monitoring Features Meansless bandwidth monitor Chronological bandwidth convention trend Doorsill based alert Monitors bandwidth, number consumption, tempo, and packet trasferred. Sell to other countries bandwidth information to XLS format Bandwidth Monitoring  Real -time Bandwidth Monitoring instrument provide the existing bandwidth practice of every of the SNMP-enable interface that are configured. Graphical symbol of the bandwidth custom give a apparent visibility into how a large amount bandwidth was obsessive on an detailed complex boundary Bandwidth Monitoring Reports The tool in calculation to the bandwidth exploitation rumor, provide the bandwidth usage trend on an hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly basis for the next parameters of a network interface: Volume Utilization Speed Packet Transfers Threshold Based Alerting Administrators can situate threshold for bandwidth utilization and find alert and emails and the entrance rate exceed the prearranged transfer consumption limits. This help in more rapidly remoteness of the predicament in the set of connections and consequently faster achievement. Third Party Reporting Monitors the group policy, such as Routers and switch, to save the bandwidth usage fine points and supplies them in the list. This numbers is interconnected and offered in the type of bandwidth hearsay.Monitors  provide an opportunity to send overseas these records into a csv file, we can be fed to third-party exposure engines to breed bandwidth rumor as beloved. TL1 protocol : The Protocol is usually new in network management. It was formed to solve several troubles, the  most considerable of which be the incongruity of policy via special proprietary protocol. Other goals for TL1 protocol included a human readable format and responsiveness to commands. The system-to-system skills isnt the simply advantage of the protocol. It is also being decipherable. Even though it is prepared sufficient to be parsed, it is as well reasonably easy for humans to convert. Allows a a good deal advanced plane of thoughtful through a much minor erudition curvature than was unlikely sooner than.since it was calculated to be unbolt, this protocol can be measured a predecessor to SNMP . therefore extensive as a cluster of strategy hold , their  will be clever to speak, despite the consequences of company. firstly, the procedure chains response to information. We  be able to issue a authority to a   TL1machine request with the intention of it statement all of its reputation sound the alarm. References: wireless-technology-advisor.com/how does wireless internet work.html http://www,megasys.com/telenium2.asp#config link wisegeek.com/topics/network management tools.htm theshulers.com/white papers/index.html#net infra bgci.org/africa/abgnmanagement
Sunday, March 1, 2020
STCW IMO Standards for Training Certification
STCW IMO Standards for Training Certification The Standards for Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping, or STCW, is a convention of the IMO. These regulations first came into existence in 1978. Major revisions to the conventions occurred in 1984, 1995, and 2010. The goal of the STCW training is to give seafarers from all nations a standard set of skills useful to crew members working aboard large vessels outside of the boundaries of their country. Do All Merchant Mariners Need to Take an STCW Course? In the United States mariners only need to take an approved STCW course if they intend to work aboard a vessel greater than 200 Gross Register Tons (Domestic Tonnage), or 500 Gross Tons, which will operate beyond the boundaries defined by the Federal Regulations which indicate international waters. Although STCW training is not required for seafarers working in nearshore areas or domestic inland waterways it is recommended. STCW training offers exposure to valuable skills which make the mariner more flexible aboard ship and more valuable in the job market. Not all nations require their licensed merchant mariners to take a separate STCW course. Many high-quality programs meet the training requirements for STCW during the regular licensing coursework. Why is STCW a Separate Course? STCW training guidelines are laid out in the IMO convention to standardize the basic skills needed to safely crew aboard a large vessel outside of areas where domestic rules apply. Some of the training does not apply to smaller craft or vessels operating in coastal or river areas. To simplify testing requirements, not all countries include the STCW information for basic merchant mariner licensing. Each country may decide if their licensing requirements meet the terms of the IMO convention. What is Taught in an STCW Course? Every course goes about their training in different ways so no two courses are the same. Some courses have a greater emphasis on classroom learning but generally, some concepts are taught in a hands-on situation. Classes will include some of the following disciplines: Bridge and Deck Skills; Traffic Patterns, Lights and Day Shapes, Horn Signals for international watersEngine Room; Operations, Signals, Emergency ProceduresInternationally Standardized Radio Operations and TerminologyEmergency, Occupational Safety, Medical Care and Survival FunctionsWatchkeeping Major components of the STCW conventions were modified during the last revision in June of 2010. These are called the Manila Amendments and they will go into effect January 1, 2012. These amendments will bring the training requirements up to date for modern operational situations and technologies. Some of the changes from the Manila Amendments are: â€Å"Revised requirements on hours of work and rest and new requirements for the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse, as well as updated standards relating to medical fitness standards for seafarers†â€Å"New requirements relating to training in modern technology such as electronic charts and information systems†â€Å"New requirements for marine environment awareness training and training in leadership and teamwork†â€Å"Updating of competence requirements for personnel serving on board all types of tankers, including new requirements for personnel serving on liquefied gas tankers†â€Å"New requirements for security training, as well as provisions to ensure that seafarers are properly trained to cope if their ship comes under attack by pirates†â€Å"New training guidance for personnel serving on board ships operating in polar waters†â€Å"New training guidance for personnel operating Dynamic Positioning Systems†These new training elements will give a merchant mariner many valuable and potentially life-saving skills. Anyone considering a new career in the maritime industry or an upgrade to their current credential should strongly consider taking part in an approved STCW course. More information is available for U.S. licensees from the National Maritime Center website.
Thursday, February 13, 2020
State appeal courts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
State appeal courts - Assignment Example The decision making relies on the information recorded from other court proceedings (American Bar Association, 2004). This responsibility ensures justice prevails in the court system. The purpose of the courts is to ensure that the decision made in other court system is appropriate. Moreover, Hume (2009) is of the assumption that the state appeal courts ensure that all evidence available for a case are exhausted. The state appeal courts also analyze the decision process made for other courts. If the process is not clear and justified by legal provisions, the court may cancel the prior ruling made. The main purpose of the courts is to provide the final judgment of case. A case handled by the state appeal courts may be announced closed at the end of a trial. Different from other courts in the United States, the state appeal court make the final decision of a case. Its judgments cannot be appealed or challenged in other court
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Film Analysis - Gran Torino 2008 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Film Analysis - Gran Torino 2008 - Movie Review Example His life is lived apart from his two sons and having to deal with such predicament of disrespectful grandchildren. As an embittered veteran of the Korean War, he is widowed by his wife whose last wishes were for Walt was confession and retirement to his ill-feelings towards â€Å"other†people. For Walt’s, he trusts no one but his M-1 rifle which he makes it clean all the time and Daisy, his Labrador. Walt, an old man, is described as an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions. Walt Kowalski had no choice but to live surrounded by Hmong immigrants whom he despises greatly when all his neighbors have gone or transferred to another place. His prejudice over the Southeast Asian people is shown through his resentment in everything he sees about them which are foreign to him. He hates most the teenagers who belong to gangs of Hmong and Latino and African-American youth who think and act as if the whole neighborhood is their possession. The Hmong, who live next door, along with gang bangers roaming around the streets, displeases Walt. In one evening, when Thao, a member of Hmong settlers, steals Walt’s 1972 Gran Torino prized possession to please the gang he wished to join. Equipped with his prejudgment among those people, Walt abhors their lack of morals. Then he discovers that Thao’s cousin, who is among the gang, compels Thao to steal his vintage car as an initiation. Thao’s family make amends by insisting him to work for Walt. As much as possible, Walt resented any dealings with the immigrants but he was forced to accept which eventually led to a deeper relationship with them as the days go by. Later development made Walt realize the warmth and love of the Hmongs. He discovers and realizes certain truths about them due to their continued kindness. The Hmongs were provincial refugees in the past. Now becomes his friends and a defender of them too. Universal adage says, â€Å"there’s always a second chance.’ In the film,
Friday, January 24, 2020
Commentary on a Passage from Shelleys Frankenstein :: Mary Shelley
The passage begins in first person, whom we presume is Frankenstein, where he is reminiscing on some of the consequences of his meddling with nature. He informs us that three years ago, he was engaged in an activity which created a monster whom he describes as a ‘fiend whose unparalleled barbarity has desolated my heart, and filled it for ever with the bitterest remorse.’ He then goes on to talk about how he is about to create a ‘mate’ for the previous monster and is frightened about the effects it will have on both his creation and society. The mood of the passage is very glum as the narrator is contemplating the unforeseen horrors arising from this strange experiment. He questions the result of this ‘mate’, thinking ‘she also might turn with disgust from him to the superior beauty of man, she might quit him, and he be again alone’. Through his voice, it assists our understanding of the material as through the narrator’s bleak heart, we are made to experience very strongly the extent of his guilt. The tone of this passage is somewhat personal in the sense that he seems like he is arguing and deliberating to himself about the events which either have happened or are about to, ‘ †¦Had I the a right, for my own benefit, to inflict this curse upon everlasting generations?’. He questions his own significance in society at the time when the passage is written and for the future generations and thinks himself as a ‘curse upon everlasting generations’. Having heard his reasons and seen his desolation and feeling the despair of desolation we, as readers are more able to sympathise with his actions. The overall ‘meaning’ of the passage is to tell a story about a character in which they are in deep unease and melancholy and read their views on the surroundings around them. The key themes that are conveyed to us the readers are that of madness. The author manipulates our sympathy for the monster Frankenstein by seeing it from his point of view and listening to his thoughts about himself being a ‘curse’. The piece does have a clear point of view, as his thoughts are straight-forward. This will have an effect on the reader by pointing in the direction the author maneuvers our sympathies by showing us different perspectives of situations. The setting plays an important part in reflecting the shifting moods and emotions of characters by giving us a sense of loneliness ‘ I sat one evening in my laboratory†¦.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Classic Knitwear Case Study Essay
The product is being launched under the brand name of Guardian apparel and it has decided not to include the name Classic Knitwear. Classic knitwear label should be mentioned along with Guardian label in the product. As the all the cost of advertising/marketing is being borne by Classic Knitwear, it should probably create a line extension to avoid confusion with its other non-fashion knitwear segment offerings. The number of SKUs include 4 designs in 4 different colours. The number of SKUs can be reduced by using only the 3 most popular colours in 2 most popular styles. This way the SKUs can be reduced to 6 units and this will ensure that the company can concentrate on the colours and styles most in demand rather than spread its resources thin by launching many SKUs. The market research is not extensive, only 1000 respondents were sent requests. This should not be relied upon entirely for making such important decisions. More respondents should be interviewed before coming to a conclusion. Initial distribution is planned through major sporting goods and apparel chains which would support the establishment of the brand in the introductory phase. However, the sale at discount stores and sports & retail outlets simultaneously is inappropriate- the prices must not differ extensively across all outlets. This agreement forced Classic to meet series of steadily rising annual net sales targets for the first four years and target for 4th year must be met in each subsequent year. If it failed to meet the requirements then the license would be cancelled and void. Only the Guardian logo is being used on the product. It may be a headache for Classic if there is any conflict between companies over their agreement in the future. With this agreement a short term benefit can be realised as the determined marketing investment has been reduced to $3 million from initial expectation of $8-10 million. As the brand value of Guardian will increase by its promotion they should also bear some part of marketing expense. Moreover, the clause about termination of agreement should be removed/relaxed as it may lead to an investment loss on part of Classic. Conclusion: The Company is able to cater to the demand of insect repellent clothes which is much higher than the break even sales required for company. So, the company can earn profit margins which are much higher than the current levels. Also, company can break into the Niche and the Retail market through this project. Financial Viability and the other recommendations mentioned above, make it attractive for the company to go ahead with Guardian Project.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Automation Direct Example For Free - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2614 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Engineering Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? The major goals of FMS automation in manufacture are to integrate various operations to improve productivity, increase product quality and uniformity, minimise cycle times and effort and reduce labour costs. 1. SUMMARY Few developments in the history of manufacture have had a more significantimpact than robots and computers. The use of them covers a broad range ofapplications, including computer aided design, material handling, assembly,automated inspection, testing of products and manufacturing processes. In this report, we will discuss on the design formanufacture of motor heatsink products and its supplied components which arecritical in the motor and drive industry. A machining layout will be drawn formanufacturing of grooves of the heatsink. A corresponding cell layout of theplant will also be drawn for the all assembly and processes. Finally, a discussionon the available commercial software evaluation will be carried out for such adesign of manufacture for motor heatsink. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Automation Direct Example For Free" essay for you Create order 2. INTRODUCTION Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)is a framework that includes every aspect of the engineering manufacturing process,from the initial design stage through to the more important fabrication andassembly stages, with an aim to making the manufacture of the product suitableto represent all aspects of the products life-cycle. FMS may involve minimisingmaterials cost, or even selecting a process to achieve a particular surface finish.However, minimising cost over the product life-cycle is generally considered asthe most important objective of FMS. The cost reductions can beachieved through a fine tuning process, component by component, after theproduct has been designed. The key to this method is through applying productsimplification, often by analysis using design for assembly. Alternatively, large changes to theproducts fundamental structure can have massive impacts on the products cost.But such large changes are best treated during design, rather than after thedesign is relativel y complete. In a standard linear manualdesign process, a product is usually designed and detailed before themanufacturing cost is estimated. Unfortunately, by that point it is too late toimprove the costing: the opportunity to consider different design ideas andalternatives is lost. Some companies implement FMS butdo not consider the entire product life cycle. This is generally because theyhave not found it necessary in the past to do so while remaining profitablecompanies. However, the times are changing for product assembly and production.And it will become a fundamental business requirement for companies to addresswhole product life cycles with FMS. 3. REPORT: TASKS 3.1 SUITABLE MATERIAL FOR BASE HEATSINK There are two types of materials that can beclassified under metallic non-ferrous and aesthetically pleasing. The twomaterials are aluminium and copper. Optimum designed aluminium heatsinks have ahigher thermal performance than copper-based heatsinks. Aluminium is as good ascopper for a uniform heat source. Copper heatsinks might be advantagesdepending on the heat source size, i.e. when the heat source becomes smaller.At higher motor velocities, percentage difference between copper and aluminiumbecomes more pronounced. Itis widely known that copper conducts heat better than aluminum, but aluminum convectsheat better than copper. This is the main reason why copper at higher airvelocities performs better, because it can get the heat from die to fin fasterthan aluminum. If the air velocity is kept low, then the aluminum performsbetter, because its more efficient at convection.The main important factor in a motor heatsinkis its natural ability to dissipate the largest amount of heat in the shortest possibletime. The material is one factor that plays an important role in itsability. Aluminium is the more popular choice for a vast majority ofheatsinks Aluminum is an excellent conductor of heat, and considered cheaperthan copper. Almost all heatsinks are made of metal because of the need ofsuch conduction property. It is all about displacing and transfer of heat fromthe running motor to the heatsink material. The suitable material must have theability to absorb a lot of heat, quickly. Copper seems to be more betterthan aluminium in this ability. According to the heatsink industry, aluminum has beenthe primary material for interconnects on motors because of its conducting powers. But there is also a slow movement towards copper interconnects replacing thealuminum ones.  Copper is indeed a better conductor than aluminum. So, why arent more motor heatsinks made out of copper? The main reasonfor aluminum to be chosen as the ideal material for the past 30 years is it is cheaperthan copper The use of aluminium for bulk mass production of heatsinkssaves cost tremendously compared to the amount one would need to make a purecopper heatsink. Thus, aluminum is the most suitable material to be usedfor base. There are also hybrid-type heatsinks that have the best of bothworlds by combining the two, e.g. the base the motor is made out of aluminium,and the rest of the heatsink is made of copper. 3.2 TYPES OF MACHINE TOOLSREQUIRED FOR BASE Most manufacturers today use sophisticatedmachining tools and equipment to perform high-speed, ultraprecise machining, manufacturing, and processing for the motor industry with anemphasis on heat sinks and other thermal products. They are equipped to havethe capabilities to produce complex components and assemblies. With such cuttingedge technology, mass production of motor heatsinks is easily achieved withreduced cost, production and assembly time. The key to delivering quality heatsinkproducts is having the right machine to produce the right part for the rightfeature. This may require a number of secondary operations on the heatsink parts,such as the grooving portion (discussed in later sections). The final objectiveis to be able to produce a quality heatsink part in high volumes To properly manufacture a fabricatedcomponent like heat sink, it takes more than just equipment. Even though theCNCs, lathes, deburring, stamping, punching and inspection equipment can performmost of the bulk of the work, it is important to know what other processes areavailable to perform a machining task. This knowledge base of information willbe discussed in the following sections so that the best and most cost effectiveheatsink part can be manufactured. The following are operation/machine toolsrequired to produce a heatsink base: Cuttoff tools such as slitting saws, saws, cold saws,bandsaws or abrasive cutoff saws. Micro-slicing tools such as tension blade saws and anglecutters. Turning machines for heatsink part formation, groovingoperations. CNC machining using tool punch and hydraulic bender. Grinding machine for grinding and finishing operations. Drilling machine to drill motor hole through heatsink. 3.3 SHOCK ABSORBING/DAMPING MATERIAL FOR MOTOR/HEATSINK The mostsuitable shock absorbing material is a mounting pad made of plastic. Theheatsink normally do not attach to the pad. The motor is actually attached to aplastic housing, which is then attached to the pad. The pad with housing shouldbe is designed such a way as not to restrict airflow to and from the motor andto heatsink. The plastic casing should resemble the size and shape of motorgiving it a maximum allowance of +/- 3mm. 3.4 DESIGN FOR MACHINE LAYOUT The item is motor heatsink and the portion of theheatsink to be machined is the grooving part which is produced on a machineassembly line. An acceptable number of machines, tooling requirements andoperation are assumed as tabulated in Tables 1-1 below. Stages Operation (for one set) Machine or process No. of M/Cs or tool sets required A CNC punch inner and outer base plates for heatsink CNC punch 1 B Remove metal components from punched sheet and deburr Grinding and finishing equipment 1 C Bend all metal sections required for 1 heatsink case CNC Hydraulic bender 1 D Drilling of hole for motor intrusion Drilling m/c with drill bit size 35 dia and counterbore26.25 dia 1 E Cutting of grooves along heatsink plate case Turning m/c with abrasive cutoff saws 1 Fig. 1-2 shows the machine sequence and layout ofthe entire machining operation of heatsink and grooves. This sequence is therepresentation of the machine layout per machining line and is referenced tothe Table 1-1. 3.5 DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION CELL LAYOUT Table 1-3 shows the complete manufacturing formotor, heatsink and base mounting pad. It also shows the assembling of thefinished and supplied components to form the complete artefact. The number ofmachines required for each stage to assemble one complete artefact is drawn outThe table 3 below shows the figures for such a production output of 2 cases perline per day. Stages Operation (for one set) Machine or process No. of M/Cs, tool sets or stationsrequired A CNC punch inner and outer base plates for heatsink CNC punch 1 B Remove metal components from punched sheet and deburr Grinding and finishing equipment 1 C Bend all metal sections required for 1 heatsink case CNC Hydraulic bender 1 D Drilling of hole for motor intrusion Drilling m/c with drill bit size 35 dia and counterbore26.25 dia 1 E Cutting of grooves along heatsink plate case Turning m/c with abrasive cutoff saws 1 F Inspection of motor fully assembled from sub-contractor Motor test rig and magnifying glass for visual inspection 1 G Assemble of all components Basic hand tools or robots 1 H Insert motor and heatsink into position Basic hand tools or robots 1 I Inspection of assembled artefact part Magnifying glass only 1 J Pack into boxes and onto pallet Boxes, tape, pallets and shrink wrap The above table indicates that stages A-Ecomprises of the machining operations for heatsink. Stages F-J are the manualassembly operations of the motor, heatsink and mounting pad. The motor isassumed to be fully assembled and are bought from a third-party sub-contractor.Quality inspections are also done for the motor and after assembly at this stage.The assembly of finished components can be done either by a manual worker or byhighly sophisticated robots such as the articulated robotic arms found in mostmanufacturing companies Production Cell Manufacturing Layout A diagrammatic plan representation of the manufacturing(production) layout is produced as illustrated in Fig. 1-4. There are 3production lines instead of 1 to facilitate quicker outputs and meet the dailyproduction targets that would satisfy production and company profits. This isbased on the production sequences collected and tabulated on Table 1-3. The productioncell layout includes: 3 manual or robot articulated assembly cells 5 manual or robot assembly stations for each assembly cell 3 sections of parts storage for each line dedicated to the machiningprocess lines Each machining process line for heatsink consist of 5 stations A total of 3 lines each for both the machining process andassembly An holding area for vendor storage to store surplus incomingparts such as motors and accessories from vendors and suppliers A defective area for holding Quality flagged cases 10 by 10 staging area for pallets with wrapped fully assembledand tested motor heatsinks Legend: The diagram clearly shows the dashed lines with arrowsindicating the flow of process (or production route) from each cell. Thestages from A to J signifies what is happening at each point of process andassembly. There are 2 two-way conveyer belts between the each of the threeassembly and inspection lines. The production floor has sufficient exit pointsto provide smooth flow of materials, visitors and workers at all times. Formore details of the specific operations for each stage can be referred toTables 1-3. 3.6 AN EVALUATION REPORT ON VAISYSTEM 2000 FOR MANUFACTURING (COMMERCIAL AVAILABLE SOFTWARE FOR FMS SOLUTIONS) VAI system 2000smanufacturing applications provides the need to control all aspects of flexiblemanufacturing business. System 2000 covers work orders, material processing,production scheduling, material costing, shop floor control and job tracking.The flexibility of software application offers an exact fit for anymanufacturing environment. Flexible manufacturingorders can be produced as per make to order or stock and they can be entered asplanned manufacturing orders. Make to order direct material transactions can beentered directly through the sales order entry process where an order can bepersonalized to the customers exact requirements. Using the productconfigurator, the desired order can be customized using the many features andoptions. The System2000 orders process allows the user to create work orders forfinished assembly or sub-assembly items for make to stock transactions.With its unlimited bills of material level, each work created order willdisplay the subassemblies, components and item availability. When there is ashortage of components, System 2000 will automatically suggest immediate purchaseorders where necessary The flexible manufacturing order will print the routingoperations, number and type of components required, as well as any other necessaryinstructions. The production scheduling system will immediately alert the manufacturingcrew (user) to over scheduling orders and produce the relevant graphs,displays, and reports. The user can view the schedule according to department,work center, and/or machine. The user may also choose to include demand fromfirm orders, quotes, and pre-planned manufacturing orders. There are a varietyof inquiries displaying the status of the work order, open, pending andcompleted operations, together with the complete production history whichincludes actual against standard cost analysis. Data collection for shop floor isalso fully supported. In relation to the material issues and labor times, theSystem 2000 easily calculates the actual cost and close the work order. System 2000s FlexibleManufacturing Module also provides for Material Requirements Planning (MRP). The MRP system istightly combined with the Customer Orders, Inventory, Sales Analysis(Forecasting), Purchasing, and Manufacturing modules of System 2000, andis sensitive to company and location (plant) specific criteria. MRP analyzes theexisting on-hand position of an item, open purchase orders, open manufacturingorders (including planned, stock, and custom orders), open commitments(open customer orders, future orders, and standing orders), the salesforecast, and then produces a balance. This analysiscan be viewed on-line daily, weekly, or monthly by selecting theappropriate option. Complete pegging is supported allowing the user toview critical data such as when purchase orders are due, when manufacturingorders are due to be completed, and the actual customer orders making upthe commitments of an item. Combining ourpowerful customer service, inventory management, purchasing, and financialapplications with System 2000s manufacturing capabilities creates theelements for success in any discrete or process manufacturing environment. SYSTEM 2000 MANUFACTURING FEATURES* Planned Order Entry Alternate Routing Options Material Requirements Planning (MRP) User Defined Reporting Serial Number Tracking Department/Work Center/MachineScheduling Hard/Soft/Planned Demand Multi Plant Bill Of Materials Effectivity Dates Outside Operation Grouping Unlimited Level Bill Of Materials Price/Quantity Explosion Component Availability Time Line Item Availability Full-Screen Editing Real Time Updating Master Production Schedule Production Scheduling Manufacturing Routing Automatic Work Order Creation FromSales Orders Bill Of Material Edit At Sales OrderAnd Work Order Entry Suggested Purchase Order ForComponents Component Usage Inquiry Component And Labor Costing Actual Or Standard Labor Costing Work In Process Tracking Production Inquiry Analysis Suggested Work Order Creation Historical Analysis Routing Operations And Bill OfMaterial Can Be Modified For Special Order Work Orders Linked To Sales Orders Employee Labor Reporting Outside Operations Tracking Lot Control/Tracking Shop Floor Control Scrap Entry Analysis Machine Efficiency Analysis Tool Tracking Substitute Items Component Where Used Inquiry Costed Bill Of Material Inquiry Work Load Analysis Shop Floor Data Collection Material Requirements Reporting Transaction Analysis Cost Comparison Inquiry Cost Comparison Reports *The abovetable is courtesy of Vormittag Associates Inc. 4. CONCLUSION A methodology fordesign of manufacture has been developed above for the fabricating of amechanical component such as the motor/heatsink using various machiningmethods. The mass production of the motor and heatsink are represented with alogical diagrammatic layout of a suitable production cell plant. This plantwill be able to satisfy all the manufacturing requirements and operation for365 production days per year. All the use of this design andmanufacturing skills has achieved the overall understanding of the concepts ofdesign for manufacture and flexible manufacturing systems. 5. DISCUSSION The discussion on the flexiblemanufacturing software 2000 system by Vormittag Associates Inc. is seen as animportant tool for quick and easy improvement of any design for manufactureprocesses. It posses a design challenge for any heatsink manufacturers toimplement an efficient fully integrated system for material tracking, inventorychecking, bill of material monitoring, material cost control, assembly run-outtime, flow of materials to and from the production floor and lines, etc. Thissystem could save plenty of costs and reduce waste, hence, increases thematerial performance and the overall product infrastructure. The implementationof System 2000 for manufacturing into the company work flow would help totremendously reduce the overall parts count and the logistics of assemblyoptimised to minimise cost, reduce complexity and maximise productivity.
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